Neuroprotective and Nootropic Activity of Carica Papaya Seeds on Diabetes induced Cognitive Decline in Rats Activity of Carica Papaya Seeds on Diabetes induced Cognitive Decline
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Vol. 14 No. 3 (2018),
1 July 2018
,
Page 107-116
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijps.v14.40651
Abstract
The aim of present study is to investigate neuroprotective and nootropic activity of Petroleum Ether Extract of Carica papaya seeds (PEECPS) on diabetic induced cognitive decline rats. Rectangular maze and morris water maze models were used to evaluate nootropic activity and neuroprotective effects were studied by estimating acetyl cholinesterase (AchE), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the brains of diabetic rats. In rectangular maze and morris water maze models, 400 mg/kg of PECPS were shown the significant effect compared with diabetic control on day 75. Significant decrease in AchE (P<0.001), MDA (P<0.01), NO (P<0.05) and significantly (P<0.01) increased levels of SOD, CAT and GSH with PECPS (200 and 400 mg/kg) compared with diabetic control. There is a need of further studies on Carica papaya seeds as it showed protection against diabetes induced cognitive decline to reveal its mode of action.
Keywords:
- Carica papaya seeds
- morris water maze
- neuroprotective
- nootropic
- radial arm maze
- cognitive
- diabetes
How to Cite
Venkateshwarlu, E. ., Srilatha, K. ., Sheshagiri Sharvana Bhava, B. . ., & Umasankar, K. . (2018). Neuroprotective and Nootropic Activity of Carica Papaya Seeds on Diabetes induced Cognitive Decline in Rats: Activity of Carica Papaya Seeds on Diabetes induced Cognitive Decline. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14(3), 107–116. https://doi.org/10.22037/ijps.v14.40651
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[2] Roriz-Filho, S. J., T. M. Sá-Roriz, I. Rosset, A. L. Camozzato, A. C. Santos, M. L. F. Chaves et al. (Pre) diabetes, brain aging, and cognition. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (2009) 1792: 432-43.
[3] Dubey, S., A. Ganeshpurkar, D. Bansal and N. Dubey. Protective effect of rutin on cognitive impairment caused by phenytoin. Indian J Pharmaco (2015) l47: 627-631.
[4] Reynolds, A., C. Laurie, R. L. Mosley and H. E. Gendelman. Oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Int Rev Neurobio (2007) l82: 297-325.
[5] White, L., H. Petrovitch, J. Hardman, J. Nelson, D.G. Davis, G.W. Ross, et al. Cerebrovascular pathology and dementia in autopsied Honolulu-Asia Aging Study participants. Ann N Y Acad Sci (2002) 977: 9-23.
[6] Artola, A. Diabetes, stress and ageing related changes in synaptic plasticity in hippocampus and neocortex-the same metaplastic process? Eur. J. Pharmacol. (2008) 585: 153-62.
[7] Tarun, V. and P. Yash. A review on medicinal properties of Carica papaya Linn. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis. (2015) 5, 1-6
[8] Olagunju, J. A., A. A. Adeneye, B. S. Fagbohunka, N. A. Bisuga, A. O. Ketiku, A. S. Benebo, et al. Nephroprotective activities of the aqueous seed extract of Carica papaya Linn. in carbon tetrachloride induced renal injured Wistar rats: a dose-and time-dependent study. Biol. Med. (2009) 1: 11-19.
[9] Govindarajan, R., M. Vijayakumar, C. V. Rao, V. Kumar, A. K. Singh Rawat and P. Pushpangadan. Action of Asparagus racemosus Against Streptozotocin-Induced Oxidative Stress. Nat. Prod. Sci. (2004) 10: 177-181.
[10] Shahid, M., K. K. Pillai and D. Vohora. Reversal of phenytoin-induced impairment of spontaneous alternation by piracetam in mice: Involvement of cholinergic system. Indian J. Pharmacol. (2004) 36: 20-24.
[11] Kshirsagar, S. N. Nootropic activity of dried seeds kernels of Caesalpinia crista Linn against scopolamine induced amnesia in mice. Int. J. Pharmtech Res. (2011) 3: 104‑109.
[12] Lowry, O.H., N. J. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr and R. J. Randall. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. (1951) 193: 265-275.
[13] Kanwal, A., J. Mehla, M. Kuncha and V. G. Naidu. Anti‑amnesic activity of Vitex negundo in scopolamine induced amnesia in rats. J. Pharm. Sci. Pharmacol. (2010) 1: 1-8.
[14] Kumar, A., S. Dogra and A. Prakash. Protective effect of naringin, a citrus flavonoid, against colchicine-induced cognitive dysfunction and oxidative damage in rats. J. Med. Food (2010) 13: 976-984.
[15] Sahin Basak, S. and F. Candan. Effect of Laurus nobilis L. Essential Oil and its Main Components on α-glucosidase and Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Activity. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. (2013) 12: 367-379.
[16] Jawaid, T., A. K. Shakya, H. H. Siddiqui and M. Kamal. Evaluation of Cucurbita maxima extract against scopolamine‑induced amnesia in rats: Implication of tumournecrosis factor alpha. Z. Naturforsch. (2014) 69: 407-417.
[17] Green, L. C., D. A. Wagner, J. Glogowski, P. L. Skipper, J. S. Wishnok and S. R. Tannenbaum. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N] nitrate in biological fluids. Anal. Biochem. (1982) 126: 131-138.
[18] Kono, Y. Generation of superoxide radical during autoxidation of hydroxylamine and an assay for superoxide dismutase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1978) 186: 189-195.
[19] Jollow, D. J., J. R. Mitchell, N. Zampaglione and J. R. Gillette. Bromobenzene-induced liver necrosis. Protective role of glutathione and evidence for 3,4-bromobenzene oxide as the hepatotoxic metabolite. Int. J. Pharmacol. (1974) 11: 151-169.
[20] Singh, B., B. Sharma, A. S. Jaggi and N. Singh. Attenuating effect of lisinopril and telmisartan in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced experimental dementia of Alzheimer’s disease type: Possible involvement of PPAR‑γ agonistic property. J. Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. (2013) 14:124-136.
[21] Venkateshwarlu, E., P. Dileep, P. R. Reddy and P. Sandhya. Evaluation of antidiabetic acivity of Carica papaya seeds on streptozotocin induced Type-II diabetic rats. J. Adv. Sci. Res. (2013) 4: 38-41.
[22] Bruce, D. G., N. Harrington, W. A Davis and T. M. Davis. Dementia and its associations in type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. (2001) 53,165-172.
[23] Sainath Reddy, K., A. K. Kaleem, B. S. Sharvana Bhava, P. Satish, P. Aravind, and Venkateshwarlu, E. Lornoxicam alone and with selegiline improves the neuroprotective effect and cognition in scopolamine induced neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in rats. Iran. J. Pharm. Sci. (2013) 9, 87-101.
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