Heavy Metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg) Contents and Fatty Acids Ratios in Two Fish Species (Scomberomorus commerson and Otolithes ruber) of the Persian Gulf Heavy metals contents of fish from the Persian Gulf
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Vol. 7 No. 3 (2011),
1 July 2011
,
Page 191-196
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijps.v7.41322
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg) in two commercial fish species of the Persian Gulf (coast of Bushehr Province in Iran), as well as in the sea waters. The concentrations of metals were determined by using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Two selected species were narrow-barred Spanish mackerel and tiger tooth croaker.
The same fish were also used to determine the ratios of fatty acids including saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Fish and water samples were collected from three different areas, namely Bushehr (station 1), Tangestan (station 2) and Dayyer (station 3). Results showed that all metals contents had lower concentration of the mean values than the permissible limits set by FAO/WHO. It can be concluded that both fish species studied are safe to be consumed. In the present study, for the first time correlation of metals concentrations with fatty acids ratios in both species was statistically analyzed and showed no correlation except for Pb mean value which had negative correlation with PUFA% in tiger tooth croaker species.
Keywords:
- Fatty acids ratios;
- Heavy metals;
- Persian Gulf;
- Spanish mackerel;
- Tiger tooth croaker.
How to Cite
Mohammad Javad Khoshnoud, Keivan Mobini, Katayoun Javidnia, Parisa Hosseinkhezri, & Khosro Aeen Jamshid. (2011). Heavy Metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg) Contents and Fatty Acids Ratios in Two Fish Species (Scomberomorus commerson and Otolithes ruber) of the Persian Gulf: Heavy metals contents of fish from the Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(3), 191–196. https://doi.org/10.22037/ijps.v7.41322
References
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[29] Ubalua AO, Chijioke UC, Ezeronye OU.Determination and assessment of heavy metal conent in fish and shellfish in Aba River, Abia State, Nigeria. Fish Int 2006; 1: 106-10.
[30] Al-Kahtani M. Accumulation of heavy metals in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from ALKhadoud spring, AL-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Am J Appl Sci 2009; 6: 2024-9.
[31] Ozturk M, Ozozen G, Minareci O, Minareci E.Determination of heavy metals in fish, water and sediments of Avsar dam lake in Turkey. Iran J Envir Health Sci Eng 2009; 6: 73-80.
[32] Nazemroaya S, Rezaei M, Sahari MA. Effect of frozen storage on fatty acid composition and changes in lipid content of Scomberomorus commersoni and Carcharhinus dussumieri. J Appl Ichthyol 2009; 25: 91-5.
[33] Hedayatifard M, Jamali Z. Evaluation of omega-3 fatty acids composition in Caspian sea Pike Perch (Sander lucioperca). Intl J Agricul Biol 2008; 10: 235-7.
[34] Alvarez RJ. Lipid and fatty acid composition of whole-boneless Croaker (Micropogan undulates) fillets. Carib J Sci 1982; 18:125-8.
[35] Agren JJ, AL-Amad, H, Hanninen O. Fatty acid content and composition of five fish species from the Persian gulf. Comp Biochem Physiol 1991; 2: 339-41.
[2] Kalay M, Canli M. Elimination of essential (Cu, Zn) and nonessential (Cd, Pb) metals from tissue of a freshwater fish Tilapia zilli following and uptake protocol. Turk J Zool 2000; 24: 429-36.
[3] Mance G. Pollution threat of heavy metals in aquatic environment. London: Elsivier; 1987.
[4] Olaifa FE, Olaifa AK, Adelaja AA, Owolabi AG. Heavy metal contamination of Clarias garpinus from a lake and fish farm in Ibadan. Nigeria Afr J Biomed 2004; Res.7: 145-8.
[5] Surec B. Accumulation of heavy metals by intestinal helmints in fish: an overview and perspective. Parasit 2003; 126: 53-60.
[6] Connell JJ. Control of fish quality. London: Fishing News Books Ltd.; 1984.
[7] Kennish MJ. Ecology of Estuaries Anthropogenic effects Boca Raton. Florida: CRC Press; 1992.
[8] Tuzen M. Determination of heavy metals in fish samples of the Mid Dame Lake Black Sea (Turkey) by graphite furnace atomic absorbtion spectrometry. Food Chem 2003; 80: 119-23.
[9] Cid BP, Boia C, Pombo L, Rebelo E. Determination of trace metals in fish species of the Ria de Aveiro (Portugal) by electro thermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chem 2001; 75: 93-100.
[10] Razak ZKA, Basri M, Dzulkefly K, Razak CNA, Salleh AB. Extraction and characterization of fish oil from Monopterus Albus. Malay J of Anal Sci 2001; 7: 217-20.
[11] Hedayatifard M, Moeini S. loss of Omega-3 fatty acids of sturgeon acipenser stellatus during cold storage. Int J Agric Biol 2007; 9: 598-601.
[12] Tawfik MS. Proximate composition and fatty acids profiles in most common available fish species in Saudi market. Asian J Clin Nutr 2009; 1: 50-7.
[13] Nordov A, Macholi R, Arnesen H, Videbaek J. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases. Lipids 2001; 36: 127-9.
[14] Yonekubo A, Honda S, Okano M, Takahashi K, Yamamoto Y. Effects of dietary fish oil during the fetal and postnatal periods on the learning ability of postnatal rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1994; 58:799-801.
[15] Suzuki H, Park SJ, Tamura M, Ando S. Effect of the long-term feeding of dietary lipids on the learning ability, fatty acid composition of brain stem phospholipids and synaptic membrane fluidity in adult mice: a comparison of sardine oil diet with palm oil diet. Natl Food Res Inst 1998; 101: 119-28.
[16] Potter NN, Hotchkiss JH. Food Sciences. 5th ed. N. Y. USA: Chapman and Hall; 1995.
[17] Turbo R, Carroll M. Cholesterol Cures. Pensylvania, U.S.A.: Rodale Press 1997.
[18] Goodnight SH, Fischer M, Fitzgerald GA, Levine PH. Assessment of the therapeutic use of dietary fish oil in atherosclerotic vascular disease and thrombosis. Chest 1989; 95:19S-25S.
[19] APHA, AWWA, WEF. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 20th ed. Washington: American public health association;1998. p. 3-13.
[20] Bligh EG, Dyer WJ. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 1959; 37: 911-7.
[21] FAO/WHO. List of maximum levels recommended for contaminants by the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commisson.Second Series: CAC/FAL, Rome; 1984. p. 1-8.
[22] Irwandi J, Farida O. Mineral and heavy metal contents of marine fin fish in Langkawi Island, Malaysia. Int Food Res J 2009; 16: 105-12.
[23] Zehra I, Kausar T, Zahir E, Imamnaqvi I. Determination of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn concentration in edible marine fish Acanthopagurus berda (DANDYA) along Baluchistan coast- Pakistan. Int J Agric Biol 2003; 5:80-2.
[24] Al-Bader N. Heavy metal levels in most common available fish species in Saudi market. J Food Technol 2008; 6: 173-7.
[25] Castro V, Rebelo O, Belo APB, Rodrigues AM. Determination of some metal-ions in the bodies of Black-bass (micropterus salmoides) and Tench (Tinca tinca), and from water reservoirs close to border of Portugal/Spain. Int J Agric Biol 2007;9: 408-11.
[26] Dobaradaran S, Naddafi K, Nazmara S, Ghaedi H. Heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb) content in two fish species of Persian gulf in Bushehr Port, Iran. Afr J Biotechnol 2010; 9: 6191-3.
[27] Ronagh MT, Savari A, Hesni MA, Papahn F.Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Euryglossa orientalis from the Hendijan Seaport (coastal of Persian Gulf ), Iran. J Biol Sci 2009; 9: 272-5.
[28] Sireli UT, Goncuoglu M, Gucukoglu A, Yildirim Y, Cakmak O. Assessment of heavy metals (Cd and Pb) in vacuum packaged smoked fish species (Mackerel, Salmo salar and Oncorhynhus mykiss) marketed in Ankara (Turkey). EU J Fish Aqua Sci 2006: 353-6.
[29] Ubalua AO, Chijioke UC, Ezeronye OU.Determination and assessment of heavy metal conent in fish and shellfish in Aba River, Abia State, Nigeria. Fish Int 2006; 1: 106-10.
[30] Al-Kahtani M. Accumulation of heavy metals in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from ALKhadoud spring, AL-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Am J Appl Sci 2009; 6: 2024-9.
[31] Ozturk M, Ozozen G, Minareci O, Minareci E.Determination of heavy metals in fish, water and sediments of Avsar dam lake in Turkey. Iran J Envir Health Sci Eng 2009; 6: 73-80.
[32] Nazemroaya S, Rezaei M, Sahari MA. Effect of frozen storage on fatty acid composition and changes in lipid content of Scomberomorus commersoni and Carcharhinus dussumieri. J Appl Ichthyol 2009; 25: 91-5.
[33] Hedayatifard M, Jamali Z. Evaluation of omega-3 fatty acids composition in Caspian sea Pike Perch (Sander lucioperca). Intl J Agricul Biol 2008; 10: 235-7.
[34] Alvarez RJ. Lipid and fatty acid composition of whole-boneless Croaker (Micropogan undulates) fillets. Carib J Sci 1982; 18:125-8.
[35] Agren JJ, AL-Amad, H, Hanninen O. Fatty acid content and composition of five fish species from the Persian gulf. Comp Biochem Physiol 1991; 2: 339-41.
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